Matilda and TLM-P's children

The below photos, unless otherwise stated, are from Nora C. M-P's photo album. Other photos and some duplicates are, when stated, from TLM-P's album.¹⁾

1. Thomas de Montmorenci (27 January 1848-11 December 1902).²⁾
Young 'Tommy' de Montmorenci M-P with his brother Morres, from his father's album.

Colin Roderick's biography of Rosa Praed refers to a letter by Matilda to her mother-in-law describing how their property Bromelton was isolated by a flood when she gave birth to Thomas: 'Having neither doctor nor nurse, and knowing that I might die before there was any hope of medical assistance, I endeavoured to prepare my mind for leaving this world.'³⁾ Death was a distinct possibility for her baby too, given he was premature.⁴⁾ It is not known if Matilda's difficulties were compounded by the knowledge that Emma Quin also gave birth in 1848 and that it would later be believed that the father was TLM-P.

For more on this Thomas M-P, go to Thomas de Montmorenci, Florence and Mary M-P

2. William Augustus* (18 August 1849-17 January 1850)⁵⁾ had the same name as his late uncle. Like his elder brother, he was born at Bromleton; he was also buried there.⁶⁾ Colin Roderick ⁷⁾ describes how baby William had dysentery. Disastrously, the conventional medical routine at the time for someone with this form of diarrhoea including purging, that is, giving medicine designed to discharge whatever was causing the problem. That remedy increased any diarrhoea/vomiting and heightened dehydration. It is not surprising that so many babies with dysentery died, either from the original cause or because of the medical intervention by their desperate carers. In dying this way, 5-month-old William was one of many - but to his grieving family, it was a uniquely tragic event.
William's solitary grave in Bromelton's garden.⁸⁾

3. Rosa Caroline (27 March 1851⁹⁾- 2 April 1935). She was born at Bromelton station and, like her elder brother, baptised by the Rev. Benjamin Glennie.¹⁰⁾ Her family called her 'Rosie'. Like her sister Lizzie, she had a deeply loving relationship with her ailing mother.

Rosa made what seemed the ideal marriage for an Anglophile colonial writer when she married Arthur Campbell Bulkley Mackworth Praed on 29 October 1872. As she latter wrote, her family and friends 'all wanted to be English', and Praed seemed a particularly dashing member of the English gentry, with a lifestyle bankrolled by his father's interests in a bank and brewery in London. Campbell Praed c. 1867, photo at State Library of Queensland:

Perhaps the clinching detail to the aspiring writer was that his uncle was a well-known poet Winthrop_Mackworth_Praed. Other current and future members of the family were also artistic - for example, there is a well-executed portrait of Rosa in the SLNSW attributed to an Emily Praed.¹¹⁾. To the young Rosa, her suitor embodied cultured English gentry. Sadly, neither of the couple lived up to the other's ideal. Divorce in these times was very difficult, expensive and entailed social disgrace, so the unhappy couple produced children but separated in 1899. Today it is probable that Rosa would identify as a lesbian; as it was, she wrote to her friend and co-author Justin McCarthy that (by implication, heterosexual) sex was 'a side of life that has always repelled me.'¹²⁾ It did not help that Campbell Praed had a reputation for unfaithfulness. The heroine who was reared in the Victorian ideal of female innocent/ignorance, and then married someone unsuitable, became a common theme in Rosa's books. That theme resonated with many women's experiences, especially given that divorce was very difficult, expensive, condemned by churches, and meant social disgrace.

The marriage did not start well. Their first home was the romantically named 'Monte Christo', a 500 square mile property on Port Curtis Island near Gladstone. The property was a joint venture by Campbell Praed and a former vetinarary surgeon, Dr Samuel Joseph Wills.¹³⁾ Rosa's romantic dreams were dashed by the reality of scrubby land and hordes of mosquitoes.¹⁴⁾ Four years later, they left the island with Praed's hopes of making a colonial fortune ended.¹⁵⁾

The Praeds left Australia in 1876 to live in England, but again reality was no match for Rosa's colonial fantasies. Praed's family circle tended to more insular gentry/business people rather than cultured sophisticates. Despite personal tragedy, Rosa forged her own way in England, becoming a prolific novelist. She wrote over 50 novels, many of them with controversial social themes. The height of her fame was the 1880s and 1890s. Almost half her novels had Australian settings or characters, and she only visited Australia rarely.¹⁶⁾ Instead, she relied on her family, initially mostly her step-mother and father, to refresh her mind regarding Australian details. After her father's death and her step-mother's removal to live in England, Rosa gained much of her Australian details from her sister Lizzie Jardine and other siblings.¹⁷⁾ In particular, she directly incorporated the experiences of her brothers Morres and Hugh into her stories.¹⁸⁾ In keeping with her father's ideals, she supported Irish home rule, largely through collaboration with fellow writer and Irish nationalist Justin McCarthy.¹⁹⁾

For more, click on Rosa Praed.

4. Morres(15²⁰⁾ May 1853 - 29²¹⁾ October 1897)²²⁾ Morres was born and baptised at Bromelton Station²³⁾; he never married. In April 1880, TLM-P registered a mortgage on Morres' property at Cleveland, Brisbane. ²⁴⁾ In the late 1880s/early 1890s, like his brother Hugh, Morres was living on Aberfoyle Station, jointly owned by his father and his brother-in-law, John Jardine.²⁵⁾

Morres died, lonely and depressed, when he was 44 years old. As historian Janet McCalman outlines, it was not an unusual fate for people in an emigrant society.²⁶⁾ When he died, Morres had been living for at least two years at Bulliwallah Station in the Clermont District, some 920 km northwest of Brisbane. He wrote a sadly revealing letter to his step-sister Dorothy a month before he died. For more click on Letter.

His step-brother Robert M-P states that Morres died from kidney failure. This is not incompatible with Isobel Hannah's claim that he died 'from the scourge of the “Out-back,” berri berri'.²⁷⁾ She presumably meant beriberi, a severe and chronic form of thiamine (B1) deficiency caused by, among other things, dehydration. One of the problems of all migrants was adjusting to new conditions, and an entry in TLM-P's diary when Morres was 10 years old gives an indication how difficult it was to adjust to a semi-tropical climate: 'Morres had a sort of sun stroke and was very bad at first but recovering … poor little fellow'.²⁸⁾ If Morres had a weakness in his kidney function, then the heat and lack of water in summer in outback Queensland was a lethal combination.

There are numerous photos of Morres in Nora and TLM-P's albums: the one below is from TLM-P's. See above for a photo of him with his eldest brother Tom. For more photos of Morres and his grave, click on Morres

5. Elizabeth (Lizzie) Catherine (29 October 1854²⁹⁾ - 19 December 1940). She was baptised in Brisbane on Ash Wednesday 1855.³⁰⁾

This photo is of Lizzie in fancy dress.³¹⁾

At some stage before 1882, Lizzie visited her sister Rosa in England. TLM-P arranged the trip to discourage her relationship with John (Jack) Robert Jardine.³²⁾ His misgivings about the character and lack of financial acumen of Lizzie's chosen mate was shared by her step-mother Nora. Despite her father's misgivings, and Lizzie's frail health,³³⁾ she married Jack Jardine at Maroon Station on 14 June 1883.³⁴⁾ What could be accepted in a father, was not forgiven in a step-mother. Three years into her marriage, Lizzie wrote to Rosa: 'When I married Jack I knew that for years to come I should have plenty to contend against. But there is much to sweeten toil. Someday I look forward to a more civilised home. Meantime we are content and live for each other … [I think Nora] only pretends to like Jack for my sake and [I] cannot forget the hard things she said about him … He is only an Australian bushman, but he is true, loyal and the tenderest of husbands and we love each other. When I say that I say everything.'³⁵⁾

Jack Jardine was part of a North Queensland family whose English gentry antecedents impressed TLM-P.³⁶⁾ Jack's father (His first name was also John) was famed for pioneering feats and for founding the settlement of Somerset at Cape York³⁷⁾ The name Jardine was also well-known due to the transgressive marriage in 1873 of Jack Jardine's eldest brother Frank to Sana Solia nee De Boos, a niece of the king of Samoa.³⁸⁾

Jack Jardine had taken charge of Vallack Point Station, near Somerset (Cape York), in 1868 when he was only 21 years old. At some time he appears to have been in the Barcoo area in Central West Queensland, as Nora wrote to Rosa reassuring her that, if Lizzie did live there, it was no longer 'the unattainable uninhabitable 'terra incognita' … You can't stretch a line 80 miles in a given direction there now without touching a piano or a sewing machine - Ladies and babies are as thick as bandicoots … and the former are very angry if you hint there may possibly be a more desirable place of residence.'³⁹⁾ Despite this reassuring description of the Barcoo, after their marriage, Lizzie stayed with the Jardines in Rockhampton while her husband set up a home for her at Aberfoyle Station in western Queensland (just over 1,000 km northwest of Brisbane), breeding sheep and cattle. TLM-P bought the property in partnership with Jack Jardine in 1885 to try to secure Lizzie's future.⁴⁰⁾

As with so many of TLM-P's ventures - not to mention Jack Jardine's - the property was not profitable, with the 1890s drought the last straw.⁴¹⁾ A key reason was its unreliable water supply.⁴²⁾ TLM-P's 1892 will states that the property cost him £10,070 and that, by then, the partnership had a £8,000 mortgage.⁴³⁾ Aberfoyle was sold after TLM-P's death and, in 1905, the Queensland Supreme Court was told that the loss that entailed was the chief reason the estate could not afford to pay the bequests.⁴⁴⁾ It also appears that Lizzie's youngest brother Egerton also lived on the property⁴⁵⁾ [to do: loose 1888 balance sheet for Aberfoyle station in ML - was in reported of Queensland post service for 1864, donated with diaries, 4pp.] When Jack Jardine died from pneumonia⁴⁶⁾ at Southport in 1911, he worked for Messrs Aplin, Brown and Co., a major mercantile company operating in north Queensland.⁴⁷⁾ For more, click on the Jardines.


6. Hervey Morres (9 September 1856⁴⁸⁾-1 January 1887.⁴⁹⁾ His godmother was his English step-aunt Jemima Prior.⁵⁰⁾ Photo: Hervey as young man, full of promise.⁵¹⁾

Hervey was born at Hawkwood Station, baptised by the Rev. Mr Dodd, and was buried in South Brisbane (later called Toowong) Cemetery.⁵²⁾ After school in Tasmania, Hervey gained a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Sydney, where he lived at St Paul's College.⁵³⁾ Despite his alcoholism, he became a barrister and Master of Titles for Queensland. He was also a member of the 'Colony of Queensland Society'.⁵⁴⁾ From the early 1880s until 1885, Hervey leased one of Brisbane's historic houses, Middenbury which now has the address of 600 Coronation Drive, Toowong.⁵⁵⁾

Hervey married Margaret (Maggie) McDonald in 1881. It was a short-lived and troubled marriage, with Hervey dying aged 30 when his son, Hervey McDonald M-P, was four (born 25 April 1883).⁵⁶⁾ Baby Hervey's parents followed family tradition and had him baptised at All Saints Church of England, Brisbane.⁵⁷⁾ Even before Hervey's death, TLM-P and Nora assumed responsibility for Maggie and her son. In August 1882, when TLM-P was away, they came to stay at Maroon.⁵⁸⁾ Maggie and her son also accompanied TLM-P, Nora and other family members on their visit to England in 1885.⁵⁹⁾

The following report of Hervey's death highlighted his potential: that 'at Sydney University … he … graduated B.A. with great credit, being nearly at the head of the list in his year. Shortly afterwards he was called to the Queensland Bar, and in March, 1883, was appointed Crown Prosecutor for the Southern district. In July, 1884, he was appointed Master of Titles, which office he held up to his death. He bore a good reputation as a barrister, and his knowledge and grasp of the laws relating to real property are said to have been very considerable.'⁶⁰⁾ For more on Hervey and Margaret M-P, click on Hervey

7.Redmond (6 October 1858⁶¹⁾ - 21 January 1911⁶²⁾ 'Reddie', as his family called him, was born at Kangaroo Point, Brisbane and baptised there by the Rev. B.E. Shaw.⁶³⁾ Redmond was a family name; TLM-P visited the house at Brighton where an earlier Redmond M-P had lived.⁶⁴⁾ In 1882, the 24 year old Redman was being 'obstinate', causing problems for his step-mother while his father was away.⁶⁵⁾

He died aged 52 shortly after boarding a train to go to Bowen for medical treatment after complaining of being unwell. He was described as having lived in Proserpine, north Queensland for over 20 years. He had pursued mining interests (the area is known for its gold) in the district and had, shortly before his death, acquired an interest in a farm at nearby Kelsey Creek.⁶⁶⁾ To date we have no more information about the adult Reddie, other than a comment by his step-mother in 1880 that Alice Bundock was attached to him (Alice's sister Mary became the second wife of Redmond's eldest brother Thomas de M. M-P).⁶⁷⁾ The attachment did not come to anything as Redmond apparently died unmarried. We know nothing about any other attachments, or the reason for the family's relative silence about him.
The photo, from TLM-P's album, is of Reddie (right) and his brother Hugh. For more photos, click on Reddie.

8. Weeta Sophia* (24 June 1860⁶⁸⁾- 27 July 1860.⁶⁹⁾ She was born at Cleveland, dying there just over a month later. She was buried at Cleveland, but not baptised.⁷⁰⁾ Her name is engraved on the marble on the front of the family grave at Toowong cemetery.

9. Hugh (26 July 1861⁷¹⁾ - 28 December 1896).⁷²⁾ If later belief is correct, Hugh's half-sister was born less than a fortnight after Hugh, to TLM-P and Annie Smith.
The photo is of Hugh (right) with his older brother Redmond.⁷³⁾ Hugh was born at Cleveland and baptised at Brisbane by the Rev. John Bliss.⁷⁴⁾ In 1882, his step-mother wrote to TLM-P that 21-year Hugh was 'breaking out again', probably referring to his drinking. TLM-P immediately wrote to him, hoping 'it will have some effect upon him.'⁷⁵⁾

By the late 1880s or early 1890s Hugh, like his brother Morres, was living on Aberfoyle Station, jointly owned by his father and his brother-in-law, John Jardine.⁷⁶⁾ Isobel Hannah wrote that he died 'from sunstroke on a lonely track between Annie Vale and Doongmabulla', in central Queensland.⁷⁷⁾ He never married.

For more photos, click on Hugh.

10. Lodge (August 1863⁷⁸⁾ - September 1863).⁷⁹⁾ He was born and baptised at Brisbane, dying when one month old; he was buried in the family plot at Toowong (then known as the South Brisbane) Cemetery.⁸⁰⁾ Not surprisingly, after he died Matilda wanted a holiday. A month later TLM-P decided to vacate their Brisbane house so it could be let out while Matilda and the children went to Tasmania for six months.⁸¹⁾ The break may have helped Matilda recover but appears to have proved too much for TLM-P's fidelity: Clara van Zuethem gave birth to a son on 25 January 1864 whose father was believed to be TLM-P.

11. Matilda (26⁸²⁾ January 1865 - 11 May 1865.⁸³⁾ She was christened in Brisbane but, when three and a half months old, joined her brother Lodge in the family plot at Toowong (then known as the South Brisbane) Cemetery.⁸⁴⁾

12. Egerton (5 October 1866⁸⁵⁾- 1 September 1936). Egerton was born at Maroon⁸⁶⁾ and was two-years-old when his mother died. 'Egerton' appears to be a family name through TLM-P's mother. Significantly for TLM-P, it had aristocratic connections as the family name of the Dukes of Bridgewater and Sutherland, as well as of various earls. In 1882, TLM-P stayed with John Skynner Egerton Bishop who lived at Brighton.⁸⁷⁾ For more, click on Bishop.

Egerton inherited his grandfather's (and mother's?) love of poetry, publishing his Poems (Brisbane: Watson, Ferguson & Co. Printers) in 1893.⁸⁸⁾

Cover of Egerton's poems, ML A821/P658.2/1A1. For more, click on Egerton's poetry.

Egerton and Sara Arbuthnot Crawford (b. St James' Park, London) married on 30 April 1894 at St Andrew's Church of England, Lutwyche in Brisbane.⁸⁹⁾ They lived at Moorlands, Malvern Hills, Blackall in south-west Queensland⁹⁰⁾ and had one son, Egerton Thomas Crawford M-P, who was born in Brisbane who died less than a month old. For more, click on Baby Egerton. Egerton and Sara had no other children and Sara died in c.1903.⁹¹⁾ He became a diary farmer at Nambour in Queensland, but became bankrupt.⁹²⁾ In a codicil to his will just before he died in December 1892, TLM-P provided for Egerton's £3,000 legacy being paid to him before his father's death; presumably to protect the money from creditors, he also stipulated that no income be paid to Egerton (or his younger brothers) while bankrupt, although it could be paid to any wife or children.⁹³⁾

In 1905, Egerton re-married, to Annie Grace (known as Grace) Crawford.⁹⁴⁾ Was she a relative of Sara's, perhaps a sister? The original certificates are needed to help clear up this mystery.⁹⁵⁾

Egerton is buried in the family plot at Toowong Cemetery, Brisbane.

Photos of Egerton: ⁹⁶⁾.


This next photo, in a beautiful tooled leather case, was donated by Colin Roderick to the ML⁹⁷⁾. He identified one of the boys as possibly Egerton.
Later generations believed that, around five months after Egerton's birth, another baby was born to TLM-P, this time with Mary Ingoldsby.

This photo is probably one of Matilda's sons when adult, but which one? ⁹⁸⁾

Patricia Clarke asserts that Matilda and her children avoided the worst of Brisbane's summer heat by spending some summers in Hobart. Subsequently, the younger boys, Morres, Hervey, Redmond, Hugh and Egerton 'became boarders at the private, highly regarded, non-sectarian High School in Hobart'.⁹⁹⁾ The older boys attended the school too. Thomas de M. M-P was at 'Mr. Shaw's school, Brisbane' then at 'the High School, Hobart, Tasmania'.¹⁰⁰⁾ Similarly, Hervey M-P was reported as 'a distinguished pupil at the Ipswich Grammar School, and subsequently at the High School, Tasmania, where he gained one or two important scholarships'.¹⁰¹⁾ Table Talk ¹⁰²⁾ reports that Thomas de M. M-P attended the High School in Hobart in the early 1860s, when it was run by the Rev. R. D. Poulett Harris and was a 'notable' private school attracting boys from various regions of Australia. The school's eminence lasted until 1878; it closed in 1885.¹⁰³⁾ It is not to be confused with the later state-run Hobart High School which operated 1913-66 or its prestigious rival, the Hutchins School.

Even given the school's reputation, it was a long way to go for a cool summer retreat and difficult to understand sending young boys from Queensland to school there. One consideration was the strong belief at the time that Queensland's tropical climate sapped the vitality of young Britons, resulting in a degenerate 'race'.¹⁰⁴⁾ If so, the fear of degeneration was gendered: only the boys were sent to school while all the girls were taught at home by governesses, Matilda and older siblings.

When we consider the early death and alcoholism of some of Matilda's sons, to the modern mind a question that can't be avoided is: what kind of experience did the boys have at to school in Tasmania? Was it simply because, as their eldest brother thought when he wrote to his step-mother deploring the character of Hugh and Morres, that they were too young to be sent so far from home?¹⁰⁵⁾. If TLM-p's plans for Egerton are any guide, the boys were sent away to school when they were around 10 years old.¹⁰⁶⁾ This was the age of 'spare the rod and spoil the child', when severe physical punishment was routine in schools. Yet the High School's Headmaster, the Rev. Harris, 'was charged with assaulting boys with a cane in March 1860 and June 1868, the first case being dismissed and the second settled out of court'. How brutal would the caning need to be to warrant that action in the 1860s? Is it relevant that Harris was 'prone to depression', with a daughter who was committed to a mental hospital?¹⁰⁷⁾ Yet again, heavy drinking by all classes was a feature of Queensland life at the time, so perhaps no other explanation is needed than the boys reflecting the social conditions around them.¹⁰⁸⁾ Yet doubt remains: why did the younger boys have such difficult lives? Why did their loving step-mother later find them difficult, and their father write about their behaviour, that it was 'all very hard, and cut me up.'¹⁰⁹⁾

The M-P family papers includes this photo, identified on the back as Lyndhurst, New Town Road, Hobart Town, Tasmania.¹¹⁰⁾ Lyndhurst was a popular name and nothing has yet been found about the homes in this photo, but does it hold a clue to why the children were sent to Hobart? Or, more probably, was it where Matilda and her children stayed when they went to Tasmania in November 1863- April 1864?¹¹¹⁾

One source of information are the family bibles with names and dates of family members written it them, as shown by the next 3 photos of one family bible. ¹¹²⁾
The next pages are from the Family Bible, as shown in the first photo, given to TLM-P by his half-sister Jemima¹¹³⁾:

Key Genealogical Sources: Bernard Burke, A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Colonial Gentry, Melbourne: E.A. Petherick, 1891-95, pp.49-50; TLM-P, ‘Questions to be answered by T.L.M-P’, 6pp Memoranda by the Herald Office, Somerset House, London re Burke’s Colonial Gentry; [Thomas M-P], [Thomas A. M-P], Murray-Prior Family, booklet, October 2014; Thomas Bertram M-P, Some Australasian Families Descended from Royalty, ms, n.d, pp.7-14, NLA; TLM-P, genealogical notes in John & John B. Burke, A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain & Ireland: M to Z, London: Henry Colburn Publisher, 1846; Robert M-P, The Blood Royal of the Murray-Priors, ms written 1901-05 NLA Nq929.2M984.

N.B. The above references give contradictory information regarding names and key dates, hence the references to births, deaths and marriage registrations. See https://www.bdm.qld.gov.au/IndexSearch/querySubmit.m?ReportName=BirthSearch, noting that certificates need to be bought to find out more than year and parents names.