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| employees_stores [2026/01/30 17:02] – [Rosewood Station 1843-44] judith | employees_stores [2026/02/08 16:39] (current) – judith |
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| Ezra married Mary Ann Langdon in England in 1857 on her 21st birthday. They emigrated to Morton Bay,arriving 16 February 1858. Ezra worked on Maroon when it was owned by James Collins. One of their children, Jain Harvey, was reputedly the first white child born on Maroon. In 1870, Eliza was one of the first selectors of blocks carved from //Maroon// with he, Mary Ann and their children living in a slab hut with an earthen floor. Between 1858-78, they had 11 children, three of whom died in childhood. Mary Ann died on 10 February 1884 from heat exhaustion after she and Ezra had ridden from Maroon to Tamrookum Creek to visit her brother george Langdon and his family who were newly arrived emigrants.(( Information from display at The Rathdowney Visitor Information Centre and Historical Museum, April 2025; Harvey Family re-union. From England to Australia (Booklet) 1984, courtesy Ross Drynan.)) | Ezra married Mary Ann Langdon in England in 1857 on her 21st birthday. They emigrated to Morton Bay,arriving 16 February 1858. Ezra worked on Maroon when it was owned by James Collins. One of their children, Jain Harvey, was reputedly the first white child born on Maroon. In 1870, Eliza was one of the first selectors of blocks carved from //Maroon// with he, Mary Ann and their children living in a slab hut with an earthen floor. Between 1858-78, they had 11 children, three of whom died in childhood. Mary Ann died on 10 February 1884 from heat exhaustion after she and Ezra had ridden from Maroon to Tamrookum Creek to visit her brother george Langdon and his family who were newly arrived emigrants.(( Information from display at The Rathdowney Visitor Information Centre and Historical Museum, April 2025; Harvey Family re-union. From England to Australia (Booklet) 1984, courtesy Ross Drynan.)) |
| ===== Indigenous workers ===== | ===== Indigenous workers ===== |
| {{:ml_undated.jpg?300|}} This photo of a group of Aboriginal men (stockmen?) in the Murray-Prior papers (ML PXB661) has no attached information. It is a reminder of the huge gaps in our knowledge about the past, not the least from the Aboriginal viewpoint. The photo, faded and damaged as it is, gives context to TLM-P's criticism of depictions of 'Australians' and other indigenous groups at the [[wp>The_Crystal_Palace|Crystal Palace]] in England in 1882. He thought they were presented as 'miserable looking specimens' and 'very unlike those [Aboriginal people] I have seen'.((TLM-P, Diary, 29 June 1882, ML.)) \\ | The ledger books that have survived from TLM-P's various properties indicate that Indigenous workers were not employed on a regular basis but rather paid on an occasional and casual basis, perhaps fitting in with their traditional obligations as much as TLM-P's needs. TLM-P recalled that at Hawkwood, for example,he employed Indigenous people as shepherds including as least one women who he called 'Biddy'(p.45).Typically, Indigenous workers are rarely named (and certainly not given their Indigenous name) and any payments are very low. //Hawkwood//'s ledger simply refers to 'Black Boys'. In //Maroon//'s ledger for 1867-68, for example, an entry under Tom de M. M-P, simply notes that in May 1860 he paid 'Blackboy' 5 shillings.((MLMSS 3117/box 8)) Similarly there is a reference in 1879 of one of the employed stockman paying 'Hughie Black Boy’ 17 shillings.((MLMSS 3117 Box 10, Item 2, pp.6-7)) Note that these payments were made in cash, the only viable option for an irregularly paid Indigenous worker.\\ |
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| The ledger books that have survived from TLM-P's various properties indicate the lack of power and oppression experienced by Indigenous workers like 'Charlie'. It appears that they were not employed on a regular basis but rather paid on an occasional and casual basis, perhaps fitting in with their obligations as much as TLM-P's needs. Typically, Indigenous workers are not named (and certainly not given their Indigenous name) and any payments are very low. //Hawkwood//'s ledger simply refers to 'Black Boys' giving no names. In //Maroon//'s ledger for 1867-68, for example, an entry under Tom de M. M-P, simply notes that in May 1860 he paid 'Blackboy' 5 shillings.((MLMSS 3117/box 8)) Similarly there is a reference in 1879 of one of the employed stockman paying 'Hughie Black Boy’ 17 shillings.((MLMSS 3117 Box 10, Item 2, pp.6-7)) Note that these payments were made in cash, the only option as it is unlikely an irregularly paid Indigenous worker would be able to open a bank account.\\ | In his reminiscences to his daughter Rosa, TLM-P described a number of outstanding Indigenous workers, particularly Billy Hay who he employed at Hawkwood. See [[indigenous_australians|Indigenous Australians]] |
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| The same pattern is evident when the ledgers list goods sold. Some examples: a page from 1857 listing basic goods sold at //Hawkwood//'s store (clothing and boots etc) lists individuals then simply what was sold to 'Black Boys'((MLMSS 3117/box7x)). Note that calling Indigenous male employees 'boys' persisted well into the late twentieth century. Note too that this page also includes an entry for goods sold to someone just listed as 'Chinaman'. Another example is from //Melcombe// (later called //Maroon//'s) store: white individuals are named (Timothy Daly, James Hooper, John Nalty, Harry McGarvy) then ‘John Black fellow’.((MLMSS 3117/box 8)) Ethnicity was so important that, like class and gender, it had to be made obvious even in a mundane list of goods sold.\\ | The same pattern is evident when the ledgers list goods sold. Some examples: a page from 1857 listing basic goods sold at //Hawkwood//'s store (clothing and boots etc) lists individuals then simply what was sold to 'Black Boys'((MLMSS 3117/box7x)). Note that calling Indigenous male employees 'boys' persisted well into the late twentieth century. Note too that this page also includes an entry for goods sold to someone just listed as 'Chinaman'. Another example is from //Melcombe// (later called //Maroon//'s) store: white individuals are named (Timothy Daly, James Hooper, John Nalty, Harry McGarvy) then ‘John Black fellow’.((MLMSS 3117/box 8)) Ethnicity was so important that, like class and gender, it had to be made obvious even in a mundane list of goods sold.\\ |
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| ==== Rosewood Station Accounts 1843-44 ==== | ==== Rosewood Station Accounts 1843-44 ==== |
| | For context, see entry for Rosewood under [[Gaining Colonial Experience & Early Properties]]\\ |
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| TLM-P started an account book (ledger) for //Rosewood// on 23 June 1843 ((MLMSS3117/box 6/item 4. Though it is catalogued as from 24 June, the first entry is for the 23rd)). On its first page he recorded items he bought at a Brisbane sale on 23 June. These items include necessities such as fustian trousers, blankets, guns and knives, but also indicates that he aspired to gentility with silk handkerchiefs and two tablecloths.\\ | TLM-P started an account book (ledger) for //Rosewood// on 23 June 1843 ((MLMSS3117/box 6/item 4. Though it is catalogued as from 24 June, the first entry is for the 23rd)). On its first page he recorded items he bought at a Brisbane sale on 23 June. These items include necessities such as fustian trousers, blankets, guns and knives, but also indicates that he aspired to gentility with silk handkerchiefs and two tablecloths.\\ |
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| ==== Employees at Hawkwood Station 1854-1858 ==== | ==== Employees at Hawkwood Station 1854-1858 ==== |
| As usual the ledger also records other transactions, such as buying cattle from James Glennie Esq in 1857. There is also a list of stores purchased in 1855 with a note that the account was settled when Mr Chauvel left Hawkwood.((MLMSS 3117/Box 8)) A.B.J. Chauvel Esq. is also noted in 1854. The Chauvels had a property //Tabulam// on the Clarence River in northern NSW - see [[wp>Tabulam]]. Another member of the family, Charles H. Chauvel lived at Canning Downs South in Queensland from 1883 and by the mid-1890s was a 'well-known as a breeder of pure Shorthorns'.((The Brisbane Courier, 18 May 1896, p.4)) TTLM-P's later property //Maroon// also became known for its shorthorns.\\ | \\ |
| | {{:1857_hawkwood_.jpg?300|}} A page from the ledger kept by TLM-P in 1857 showing he had 13,342 sheep. A. Brown is the overseer and it also lists, somewhat indistinctly now, eight employees.((MLMSS 3117/Box 7X)) |
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| | The //Hawkwood// (and TLM-P's other) ledgers usually record stock numbers, payments and receipts and employees' wages as well as store purchases. Occasionally we get a glimpse of more about individual employees. In 1856, for example, TLM-P wrote: 'Munday came up to Hawkwood with a mob of cattle and worked well whilst he was at it and herded at the Cattle Station for a short time, but hearing some thing about his wife he went away and thinking him sufficiently punished I gave his discharge.' As usual the ledger also records transactions with other squatters, such as buying cattle from James Glennie Esq in 1857. There is also a list of stores purchased in 1855 with a note that the account was settled when Mr Chauvel left Hawkwood.((MLMSS 3117/Box 8)) A.B.J. Chauvel Esq. is also noted in 1854. The Chauvels had a property //Tabulam// on the Clarence River in northern NSW - see [[wp>Tabulam]]. Another member of the family, Charles H. Chauvel lived at Canning Downs South in Queensland from 1883 and by the mid-1890s was a 'well-known as a breeder of pure Shorthorns'.((The Brisbane Courier, 18 May 1896, p.4)) TTLM-P's later property //Maroon// also became known for its shorthorns.\\ |
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| Some of the employees listed are: \\ | Some of the employees listed are: \\ |
| 17 **John Goose** \\ | 17 **John Goose** \\ |
| 18 **Dhookee/Dho Ree** see above under Chinese indentured labourers.\\ | 18 **Dhookee/Dho Ree** see above under Chinese indentured labourers.\\ |
| 19 **Sydney Lynds** Possibly Reid's Sydney Ling a German doctor, see below; also possibly 'S. Linds' later in the Hawkwood accounts; Mr Sydney Linds was listed in 1856 as charge of cattle for £50 pa.\\ | 19 **Sydney Lynds** Possibly Sydney Ling a German doctor, see below; also possibly 'S. Linds' later in the Hawkwood accounts; Mr Sydney Linds was listed in 1856 as charge of cattle for £50 pa.\\ |
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| The next ledger is also for Hawkwood station.((MLMSS 3117/Box 7X)) There is also a list of the shearers employed in 1855 including John Black who sheared 1600 sheep), 1856 and 1857. C. Daly and A. Rucker were contracted in 1856 and 1857 to build a kitchen with a shingle roof as well as 3 shepherd huts with two rooms 10x6 feet each, door and window. He also did business with a number of people and firms, such as John Powers & L. Hugham, carriers; Con. Daly, for shingles etc of new building; and Hughan & Smith. Not all employees are listed, but some that were are:\\ | The next ledger is also for Hawkwood station.((MLMSS 3117/Box 7X)) There is also a list of the shearers employed in 1855 including John Black who sheared 1600 sheep), 1856 and 1857. C. Daly and A. Rucker were contracted in 1856 and 1857 to build a kitchen with a shingle roof as well as 3 shepherd huts with two rooms 10x6 feet each, door and window. He also did business with a number of people and firms, such as John Powers & L. Hugham, carriers; Con. Daly, for shingles etc of new building; and Hughan & Smith. Not all employees are listed, but some that were are:\\ |
| 1 **Jemima Fraser** hired on 17 September 1858 as a nurse at £25 pa with a months' notice required. A nurse was needed as he and Matilda at that stage had six surviving children the eldest of whom was 10 years old. As well, Matilda would give birth the following month. \\ | 1 **Jemima Fraser** hired on 17 September 1858 as a nurse at £25 pa with a months' notice required. A nurse was needed as he and Matilda at that stage had six surviving children the eldest of whom was 10 years old. As well, Matilda would give birth the following month. \\ |
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| Gordon Reid claimed that TLM-P employed three Aboriginal men and one woman (from the coast, not from the local area, one named Billy Hayes and another just referred to as Freddy) at //Hawkwood// as well as Ernest Davies, Sydney Ling a German doctor, and 'one or two others'. ((Reid, //A Nest of Hornets//, Masters thesis, p.134.)) //Hawkwood//'s ledger simply refers to 'Black Boys' giving no names.((pp.146-47))\\ | In TLM-P's reminiscences to Rosa, he mentions that he employed three Aboriginal men and one woman (from the coast, not from the local area, one named Billy Hayes and another just referred to as Freddy) at //Hawkwood// as well as Ernest Davies, Sydney Ling a German doctor, and 'one or two others'. He wrote that 'We had a sheep station about 2 miles up 'Oakey Creek' where only a single Chinese shepherd was in charge of a large flock, indicating how difficult life could be the Chinese indentured labourers. //Hawkwood//'s ledger simply refers to 'Black Boys' giving no names.((pp.146-47))\\ |
| ==== Ormiston c.1858-59/ Creallagh 1859-c.63 ==== | ==== Ormiston c.1858-59/ Creallagh 1859-c.63 ==== |
| These were two fairly short-lived ventures (respectively mainly a banana and sugar plantation) and it is not clear which employees at these properties - or if they worked for him in another capacity. [To do: check dates where possible]\\ | These were two fairly short-lived ventures (respectively mainly a banana and sugar plantation) and it is not clear which employees at these properties - or if they worked for him in another capacity. [To do: check dates where possible]\\ |