employees_stores

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employees_stores [2025/11/18 17:23] – [Indigenous workers] judithemployees_stores [2025/11/18 21:10] (current) – judith
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 ==== Chinese/Indian Indentured Labourers === ==== Chinese/Indian Indentured Labourers ===
-With labour scarce in the more isolated parts of Queensland, squatters like TLM-P supported schemes to employ cheap labour. They urged the renewal of convict transportation((Helen Gregory, 'Squatters, selectors and - dare I say it - speculators', //Journal of the Royal Historical Society of Queensland//, XI:4, 1983, p.83.)) and encouraged migration of potential workers. The prevailing racism meant that Asian and Pacific Islander labourers could be treated more like slaves than employees.((Ray Kerkhove and Frank Uhr, //The Battle of One Tree Hill//, Boolarong Press, Tingalpa (Qld), 2019, p.191)) \\+With labour scarce in the more isolated parts of Queensland, squatters like TLM-P supported schemes to employ cheap labour. They urged the renewal of convict transportation((Helen Gregory, 'Squatters, selectors and - dare I say it - speculators', //Journal of the Royal Historical Society of Queensland//, XI:4, 1983, p.83.)) and encouraged migration of potential workers. As with Indigenous workers, Asian and Pacific Islander labourers had little access to rights; consequently their employers could treat them harshly under unfair binding contracts with little fear of consequences.((Ray Kerkhove and Frank Uhr, //The Battle of One Tree Hill//, Boolarong Press, Tingalpa (Qld), 2019, p.191)) \\
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 Maxine Darnell has compiled a list of Chinese indentured labourers, those brought to Australia to work on a fixed contract. She points out that she has been able to identify only a minority of these men, and that one source - court records - means an over-representation of those who fell foul of the legal system. Her list was published in La Trobe University's Research Online(( decommissioned in April 2023)). TLM-P is listed as the employer of 17 Chinese men between December 1848 and May 1857 at //Bugrooperia// (//Bromelton//) and //Hawkwood Stations//. For more information about these employees, click on [[Darnell list]]. \\ Maxine Darnell has compiled a list of Chinese indentured labourers, those brought to Australia to work on a fixed contract. She points out that she has been able to identify only a minority of these men, and that one source - court records - means an over-representation of those who fell foul of the legal system. Her list was published in La Trobe University's Research Online(( decommissioned in April 2023)). TLM-P is listed as the employer of 17 Chinese men between December 1848 and May 1857 at //Bugrooperia// (//Bromelton//) and //Hawkwood Stations//. For more information about these employees, click on [[Darnell list]]. \\
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 This incomplete sample shows that 28 Chinese men were employed from 1848. It is possible that Do Ri, the man assaulted by Dhookee/Dho Ree was also an employee.\\ This incomplete sample shows that 28 Chinese men were employed from 1848. It is possible that Do Ri, the man assaulted by Dhookee/Dho Ree was also an employee.\\
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-The following is a sample page from the Hawkwood ledger for a Chinese labourer called Boon. In addition to his wages, it lists the stores Boon bought. These stores were all basic necessities.   {{:1856_boon_enhanced_20231019_163122.jpg?500|}}\\+The following is a sample page from the Hawkwood ledger for a Chinese labourer called Boon. In addition to his wages, it lists the stores Boon bought. These stores were all basic necessities. What it doesn't reveal is whether Boon or any other of the Chinese labourers were provided with rice (as often stipulated in their Chinese-language contracts) not to mention problems with having to buy expensive clothes from the store and the common practice of manipulating the exchange rate paid.((Thomas Keneally, //Australians//, Vol. 1, Allen & Unwin,2009, p.488))  Certainly it would appear that the Chinese labourers were unable to buy rice from the Maroon store indicating a huge dietary problem. {{:1856_boon_enhanced_20231019_163122.jpg?500|}}\\
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 ==== German migrants ==== ==== German migrants ====
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  • Last modified: 2025/11/18 17:23
  • by judith