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| ==== Rosewood ==== | ==== Rosewood ==== |
| While he would later reminiscence about the sacrifice his mother had to make to give him a few sovereigns, in 1843, four years after his arrival in the colony, he thought he had saved enough capital to become a squatter and stock a property: Rosewood at Moreton Bay (between present day Ipswich and Laidley, located 'at the junction of Lockyer and Laidley Creeks'.((Prior, T L M, Rosewood, Moreton Bay, 18/09/1843, https://indexes.records.nsw.gov.au/searchhits_nocopy.aspxtable=Depasturing%20Licenses&id=67&frm=1&query=Surname:Prior; Patricia Clarke, 'The Murray-Priors at Bromelton 1844-1853' in Patricia Savage (compiled), //They came to Bromelton: a brief outline of the life and times of the early pioneers who came to Bromleton - from the pages of history, personal diaries, old letters and family recollections//, Patricia Savage, 2004, p.18; [[http://www.medicalpioneers.com/|Medical Pioneers Index]])) Rosewood had been owned by Dr John Goodwin (c1800-59)((see [[http://www.medicalpioneers.com/|Medical Pioneers Index]])) but land records indicate that TLM-P bought the lease, presumably from Dr Goodwin.((Thomas A. Darragh and Roderick J. Fensham (eds), //The Leichhardt diaries. Early travels in Australia during 1842-1844//, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum| Culture, Volume 7, Part 1, Brisbane: Queensland Museum, 2013. Thanks to David Godden for this reference.)) \\ | While he would later reminiscence about the sacrifice his mother had to make to give him a few sovereigns, in 1843, four years after his arrival in the colony, he thought he had saved enough capital to become a squatter and stock a property: Rosewood at Moreton Bay (between present day Ipswich and Laidley, located 'at the junction of Lockyer and Laidley Creeks'.((Prior, T L M, Rosewood, Moreton Bay, 18/09/1843, __ BROKEN-LINK:https://indexes.records.nsw.gov.au/searchhits_nocopy.aspxtable=Depasturing%20Licenses&id=67&frm=1&query=Surname:Prior; LINK-BROKEN __ Patricia Clarke, 'The Murray-Priors at Bromelton 1844-1853' in Patricia Savage (compiled), //They came to Bromelton: a brief outline of the life and times of the early pioneers who came to Bromleton - from the pages of history, personal diaries, old letters and family recollections//, Patricia Savage, 2004, p.18; [[http://www.medicalpioneers.com/|Medical Pioneers Index]])) Rosewood had been owned by Dr John Goodwin (c1800-59)((see [[http://www.medicalpioneers.com/|Medical Pioneers Index]])) but land records indicate that TLM-P bought the lease, presumably from Dr Goodwin.((Thomas A. Darragh and Roderick J. Fensham (eds), //The Leichhardt diaries. Early travels in Australia during 1842-1844//, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum| Culture, Volume 7, Part 1, Brisbane: Queensland Museum, 2013. Thanks to David Godden for this reference.)) \\ |
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| As Patricia Clarke points out, TLM-P stuck out on his own in largely uncharted country for Europeans, 'just three years after Patrick Leslie and his brothers had begun the wave of squatter settlement on the Darling Downs'.((Patricia Clarke, 'The Murray-Priors at Bromelton 1844-1853' in Patricia Savage (compiled), //They came to Bromelton: a brief outline of the life and times of the early pioneers who came to Bromleton - from the pages of history, personal diaries, old letters and family recollections//, Patricia Savage, 2004, p.17.)) It appears that TLM-P was overly optimistic about the capital needed to run a station, as he soon left Rosewood. When he wrote to the Ludwig Leichhardt in September 1843, he mentioned that he intended 'selling my station and believe I have already got a purchaser'. He had stocked it with sheep and horses.((TLM-P to L. Leichhardt, 27 September 1843, MLMSS683, pp.105-08)) TLM-P still, however, saw opportunity to the north of what was then the colony of NSW. From his time at Rosewood onwards, TLM-P had his home in what became, from 6 June 1859, the colony of Queensland. When TLM-P first arrived, it was very much a frontier settlement attracting settlers like him with military experience. Moreton Bay had just ceased to be a penal colony leaving a significant proportion of the small white population 'unfree'. It is estimated that 15 per cent of the population of County of Stanley (which included the major centres of Brisbane and Ipswich) in 1846 was in this category.((Ross Fitzgerald, //From the Dreaming to 1915: A History of Queensland//, Vol.1, St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 1982.)) \\ | As Patricia Clarke points out, TLM-P stuck out on his own in largely uncharted country for Europeans, 'just three years after Patrick Leslie and his brothers had begun the wave of squatter settlement on the Darling Downs'.((Patricia Clarke, 'The Murray-Priors at Bromelton 1844-1853' in Patricia Savage (compiled), //They came to Bromelton: a brief outline of the life and times of the early pioneers who came to Bromleton - from the pages of history, personal diaries, old letters and family recollections//, Patricia Savage, 2004, p.17.)) It appears that TLM-P was overly optimistic about the capital needed to run a station, as he soon left Rosewood. When he wrote to the Ludwig Leichhardt in September 1843, he mentioned that he intended 'selling my station and believe I have already got a purchaser'. He had stocked it with sheep and horses.((TLM-P to L. Leichhardt, 27 September 1843, MLMSS683, pp.105-08)) TLM-P still, however, saw opportunity to the north of what was then the colony of NSW. From his time at Rosewood onwards, TLM-P had his home in what became, from 6 June 1859, the colony of Queensland. When TLM-P first arrived, it was very much a frontier settlement attracting settlers like him with military experience. Moreton Bay had just ceased to be a penal colony leaving a significant proportion of the small white population 'unfree'. It is estimated that 15 per cent of the population of County of Stanley (which included the major centres of Brisbane and Ipswich) in 1846 was in this category.((Ross Fitzgerald, //From the Dreaming to 1915: A History of Queensland//, Vol.1, St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 1982.)) \\ |
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| Davies described Bromleton as having a 'very nice garden' next to a large, deep lagoon. The lagoon covered at least 2.5 hectares. It was the age where much of the native fauna was new, and TLM-P and Matilda's sister Elizabeth both were convinced that they had seen the water creature the Aborigines believed inhabited the lagoon: a [[wp>Bunyip|bunyip]]. TLM-P was so convinced that he wrote to the //Moreton Bay Courier// reporting the sighting of 'an aquatic monster'. It was a claim that meet with ridicule - at least amongst white Australians, not so indigenous ones. Later accounts suggest that what they (and others) fleetingly saw was likely to have been a crocodile.((Patricia Clarke, 'The Murray-Priors at Bromelton 1844-1853' in Patricia Savage (compiled), //They came to Bromelton: a brief outline of the life and times of the early pioneers who came to Bromleton - from the pages of history, personal diaries, old letters and family recollections//, Patricia Savage, 2004, pp.3,25.))\\ | Davies described Bromleton as having a 'very nice garden' next to a large, deep lagoon. The lagoon covered at least 2.5 hectares. It was the age where much of the native fauna was new, and TLM-P and Matilda's sister Elizabeth both were convinced that they had seen the water creature the Aborigines believed inhabited the lagoon: a [[wp>Bunyip|bunyip]]. TLM-P was so convinced that he wrote to the //Moreton Bay Courier// reporting the sighting of 'an aquatic monster'. It was a claim that meet with ridicule - at least amongst white Australians, not so indigenous ones. Later accounts suggest that what they (and others) fleetingly saw was likely to have been a crocodile.((Patricia Clarke, 'The Murray-Priors at Bromelton 1844-1853' in Patricia Savage (compiled), //They came to Bromelton: a brief outline of the life and times of the early pioneers who came to Bromleton - from the pages of history, personal diaries, old letters and family recollections//, Patricia Savage, 2004, pp.3,25.))\\ |
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| === Chinese Indentured Labourers === | === Chinese Indentured Labourers === |
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| Maxine Darnell has compiled a list of Chinese labourers who she has identified as having been brought to Australia to work on a fixed contract. She points out that only a minority of these men have been identified. Court records account for an over-representation of men who fell foul of the legal system. Her list is at {{https://arrow.latrobe.edu.au/store/3/4/5/5/1/public/pdf/indentured.pdf}}. TLM-P is given as the employer of 19 Chinese men between December 1848 and May 1857 at Bugrooperia and Hawkwood. For details, click on [[Darnell list]]: | Maxine Darnell has compiled a list of Chinese labourers who she has identified as having been brought to Australia to work on a fixed contract. She points out that only a minority of these men have been identified. Court records account for an over-representation of men who fell foul of the legal system. Her list is at {{https://arrow.latrobe.edu.au/store/3/4/5/5/1/public/pdf/indentured.pdf}}. TLM-P is given as the employer of 19 Chinese men between December 1848 and May 1857 at Bugrooperia and Hawkwood. For details, click on [[Darnell list]]. TLM-P's employment of these men is in keeping with his - and the squatter faction generally - desire for cheap labour, including his support for the renewal of the transportation of convicts.((Helen Gregory, 'Squatters, selectors and - dare I say it - speculators', //Journal of the Royal Historical Society of Queensland//, XI:4, 1983, p.83.))\\ |
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| | ==== Land dealing and selections in and around Brisbane ==== |
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| | Despite TLM-P's problems with Bromelton, Helen Gregory found that, during 1852-54, he spent just over £1,364 on land in and around Brisbane. That sum was around $92,619 in 2017 values. {{:p81_gregory_table.jpg?400|}}((Helen Gregory, 'Squatters, selectors and - dare I say it - speculators', //Journal of the Royal Historical Society of Queensland//, XI:4, 1983, p.81.)) \\ |
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| | The last selection at Toocoohah (Moggill) became known as Prior's Pocket. Helen Gregory outlines how TLM-P had a house 'across the river at Woogaroo' (later called Goodna, now an outer eastern suburb of Ipswich) and used the peninsula Prior's Pocket to fatten his 'imported herd of short-horned Durham cattle'.((Helen Gregory, 'Squatters, selectors and - dare I say it - speculators', //Journal of the Royal Historical Society of Queensland//, XI:4, 1983, p.81.)) \\ |
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| ==== Hawkwood and massacres ==== | ==== Hawkwood and massacres ==== |
| By 1854, TLM-P decided that he had to look north for opportunities. He sold the lease to Bromelton; bought land in Brisbane((//New South Wales Government Gazette//, 4 August 1854, p.1679)) and acquired a new property called Hawkwood (its indigenous owners called it Naraigin) on the Auburn River, a tributary of the Burnett river (north of what is now the Sunshine Coast). The Hawkwood venture started ominously. One source states that, when moving his sheep to his new property, they became infected with scab(({{https://www.farmhealthonline.com/disease-management/sheep-diseases/sheep-scab/}})) with the result that he had to destroy 8,000 of them.((//Australia's Representative Men//, ed. T.W.H. Leavitt, Improved Edition, Melbourne: Wells and Leavitt, c.1889, entry for T.L. Murray-Prior. The book used is the one TLM-P owned, signed by him and dated 14th June 1889. It is likely that TLM-P provided the information.)) The family initially moved from Bromelton to Woogaroo on the south bank of the Brisbane River, while he put his stock on a 'narrow neck of land opposite, then called the Pocket, now known as Prior's Pocket'. He helped stockman overland sheep and cattle to Hawkwood, then moved his family there early in 1856.((Patricia Clarke, 'The Murray-Priors at Bromelton 1844-1853' in Patricia Savage (compiled), //They came to Bromelton: a brief outline of the life and times of the early pioneers who came to Bromleton - from the pages of history, personal diaries, old letters and family recollections//, Patricia Savage, 2004, p.23.))\\ | By 1854, TLM-P decided that he had to look north for opportunities. He sold the lease to Bromelto and, as shown, bought considerable land in and around Brisbane((e.g. //New South Wales Government Gazette//, 4 August 1854, p.1679)). Also in 1854, he applied to select 640 acres on the west bank of the [[wp>Albert_River_(South_East_Queensland)|Albert River]].((Helen Gregory, 'Squatters, selectors and - dare I say it - speculators', //Journal of the Royal Historical Society of Queensland//, XI:4, 1983, p.81.)) His most significant acquisition was a property called Hawkwood (its indigenous owners called it Naraigin) on the Auburn River, a tributary of the Burnett river (north of what is now the Sunshine Coast). The Hawkwood venture started ominously. One source states that, when moving his sheep to his new property, they became infected with scab(({{https://www.farmhealthonline.com/disease-management/sheep-diseases/sheep-scab/}})) with the result that he had to destroy 8,000 of them.((//Australia's Representative Men//, ed. T.W.H. Leavitt, Improved Edition, Melbourne: Wells and Leavitt, c.1889, entry for T.L. Murray-Prior. The book used is the one TLM-P owned, signed by him and dated 14th June 1889. It is likely that TLM-P provided the information.)) The family initially moved from Bromelton to Woogaroo on the south bank of the Brisbane River, while he put his stock on a 'narrow neck of land opposite, then called the Pocket, now known as Prior's Pocket'. He helped stockman overland sheep and cattle to Hawkwood, then moved his family there early in 1856.((Patricia Clarke, 'The Murray-Priors at Bromelton 1844-1853' in Patricia Savage (compiled), //They came to Bromelton: a brief outline of the life and times of the early pioneers who came to Bromleton - from the pages of history, personal diaries, old letters and family recollections//, Patricia Savage, 2004, p.23.))\\ |
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| For TLM-P and his growing family, living conditions at Hawkwood were primitive. Rosa Praed's reminiscences always need to be read with caution, and she left Hawkwood when she was 7 years old, but described their home as a hut made of wooden slabs with gaps between them, windows without glass and mostly earthen floors. She recalled that, in this primitive dwelling, TLM-P hung his collection of paintings which were later donated to the [[brisbane_art_gallery|Queensland Art Gallery]].((Kerry Heckenberg, 'A taste for art in colonial Queensland: The Queensland Art Gallery Foundational Bequest of Thomas Lodge Murray-Prior', //Queensland Review//, 25:1, June 2018, pp.119-136; Rosa Praed, //Australian Life, Black and White//, 1885, pp.31-32; Rosa Praed, //My Australian Girlhood//, pp.60-61.)) The four years they stayed at Hawkwood were marked by 'great anxiety and hard work'.((//Australia's Representative Men//, ed. T.W.H. Leavitt, Improved Edition, Melbourne: Wells and Leavitt, c.1889, entry for T.L. Murray-Prior. The book used is the one TLM-P owned, signed by him and dated 14th June 1889. It is likely that TLM-P provided the information.))\\ | For TLM-P and his growing family, living conditions at Hawkwood were primitive. Rosa Praed's reminiscences always need to be read with caution, and she left Hawkwood when she was 7 years old, but described their home as a hut made of wooden slabs with gaps between them, windows without glass and mostly earthen floors. She recalled that, in this primitive dwelling, TLM-P hung his collection of paintings which were later donated to the [[brisbane_art_gallery|Queensland Art Gallery]].((Kerry Heckenberg, 'A taste for art in colonial Queensland: The Queensland Art Gallery Foundational Bequest of Thomas Lodge Murray-Prior', //Queensland Review//, 25:1, June 2018, pp.119-136; Rosa Praed, //Australian Life, Black and White//, 1885, pp.31-32; Rosa Praed, //My Australian Girlhood//, pp.60-61.)) The four years they stayed at Hawkwood were marked by 'great anxiety and hard work'.((//Australia's Representative Men//, ed. T.W.H. Leavitt, Improved Edition, Melbourne: Wells and Leavitt, c.1889, entry for T.L. Murray-Prior. The book used is the one TLM-P owned, signed by him and dated 14th June 1889. It is likely that TLM-P provided the information.))\\ |
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| ==== Ormiston ==== | ==== Ormiston ==== |
| After selling Hawkwood, TLM-P bought a banana plantation on the bay of the area now known as [[wp>Ormiston,_Queensland|Ormiston]], some 25km from central Brisbane.((Reid, A Nest of Hornets, Masters thesis, pp.215; Isobel Hannah, 'The Royal Descent of the First Postmaster-General of Queensland', //Queensland Geographical Journal//, vol. LV, 1953-54, p.12.)) One factor in TLM-P's decision to move closer to Brisbane was Matilda's deteriorating eyesight: at Hawkwood she apparently contacted trachoma: that disease was then known as 'sandy blight' because it felt like sand permanently and painfully in the eye. Now it is a disease largely confined to the third world.((https://www.hollows.org/au/eye-health/trachoma))\\ | After selling Hawkwood, TLM-P bought a banana plantation on the bay of the area now known as [[wp>Ormiston,_Queensland|Ormiston]], some 25km from central Brisbane.((Reid, A Nest of Hornets, Masters thesis, pp.215; Isobel Hannah, 'The Royal Descent of the First Postmaster-General of Queensland', //Queensland Geographical Journal//, vol. LV, 1953-54, p.12.)) One factor in TLM-P's decision to move closer to Brisbane was Matilda's deteriorating eyesight: at Hawkwood she apparently contacted trachoma: that disease was then known as 'sandy blight' because it felt like sand permanently and painfully in the eye. Now it is a disease largely confined to the third world.((__ BROKEN-LINK:https://www.hollows.org/au/eye-health/trachoma))\\ LINK-BROKEN __ |
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| ==== Creallagh, Cleveland ==== | ==== Creallagh, Cleveland ==== |
| Colin Roderick states that, after a year at Ormiston, in 1859 TLM-P moved to a mixed farm at nearby Cleveland, 'on the shores of Morton Bay, opposite Stradbrike Island. The farm was called Creallagh and grew maize, cotton and sugar-cane.((Roderick, //In Mortal Bondage//, p.32; //The Australian Encyclopaedia//p.205)).\\ | Colin Roderick states that, after a year at Ormiston, in 1859 TLM-P moved to a mixed farm at nearby Cleveland, 'on the shores of Morton Bay, opposite Stradbroke Island. The farm was called Creallagh and grew maize, cotton and sugar-cane.((Roderick, //In Mortal Bondage//, p.32; //The Australian Encyclopaedia//p.205)).\\ |
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| TLM-P, like other squatters,firmly identified with the gentry ideal but he would never find a property that could fund the gentry lifestyle that was so attractive. Instead, he moved to the public service, acquiring the position of Postmaster-General. For more on his career as Postmaster-General, see [[politics_and_the_post_office|TLM-P's Career in Politics and the Post Office]]\\ | TLM-P, like other squatters,firmly identified with the gentry ideal but he would never find a property that could fund the gentry lifestyle that was so attractive. Instead, he moved to the public service, acquiring the position of Postmaster-General. For more on his career as Postmaster-General, see [[politics_and_the_post_office|TLM-P's Career in Politics and the Post Office]]\\ |
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| ==== Land dealing and selections ==== | ==== Land dealing and selections ==== |
| TLM-P's land dealings were extensive and it is near impossible to follow them all. The following shows his purchases in the 1850s. {{:p81_gregory_table.jpg?400|}} | TLM-P's land dealings were extensive and it is near impossible to follow them all. As shown above, he started to buy urban blocks in the 1850s. \\ |
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| | The next table is by Angella Collyer who sourced it from the Queensland State Archives. It shows his land dealings in the 1860s.((Angella Collyer, //Rathdowney: federation history of an Australian rural border community// Rathdowney, Qld.: Rathdowney Area Development and Historical Association, 2001 p.128.)) \\ |
| //Rathdowney//((p.128)) which sourced it from the Queensland State Archives. TLM-P's son also made numerous selections, see [[thomas_de_montmorenci_florence_mary_m-p|Thomas de Montmorenci, Florence and Mary M-P]]. TLM-P also had land in partnership with other family members, including his daughter Lizzie's husband Robert [[jardines|Jardine]].\\ | \\ |
| |Lease 201| 16 November 1868| Portion No. 2| Melcombe parish| 1,000 acres|\\ | |Lease 201| 16 November 1868| Portion No. 2| Melcombe parish| 1,000 acres|\\ |
| |Lease 202| 16 November 1868| Portion No. 3| Melcombe parish| 890 acres|\\ | |Lease 202| 16 November 1868| Portion No. 3| Melcombe parish| 890 acres|\\ |
| A total of 14,392 acres (5,824 hectares).\\ | A total of 14,392 acres (5,824 hectares).\\ |
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| The Rathdowney booklet also states that in 1867, TLM-P leased Melcombe (it had 60 square miles available for pasture improvement; 16 square miles unavailable; and a total of 100 square miles. "PP nil'.) and Heads Logan (20 square miles available; 16 square miles unavailable; total 36 square miles, PP nil.) In 1869 he consolidated the two as 'one large property of 100 square miles'((which suggested the description above of Melcombe alone being 100 square miles was a mistake)) then in 1874 he separated them again, calling one property of 54 square miles Melcombe/Maroon and the other Palen. It is unsure, the booklet states, if Palen and heads of Logan had the same boundaries.\\ | TLM-P's son also made numerous selections, see [[thomas_de_montmorenci_florence_mary_m-p|Thomas de Montmorenci, Florence and Mary M-P]]. TLM-P also had land in partnership with other family members, including his daughter Lizzie's husband Robert [[jardines|Jardine]].\\ |
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| | Angella Collyer also states that in 1867, TLM-P leased Melcombe (it had 60 square miles available for pasture improvement; 16 square miles unavailable; and a total of 100 square miles. "PP nil'.) and Heads Logan (20 square miles available; 16 square miles unavailable; total 36 square miles, PP nil.) In 1869 he consolidated the two as 'one large property of 100 square miles'((which suggested the description above of Melcombe alone being 100 square miles was a mistake)) then in 1874 he separated them again, calling one property of 54 square miles Melcombe/Maroon and the other Palen. It is unsure, she states, if Palen and heads of Logan had the same boundaries.((Angella Collyer, //Rathdowney: federation history of an Australian rural border community// Rathdowney, Qld.: Rathdowney Area Development and Historical Association, 2001.))\\ |
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| In the 1860s, with governments resuming land to break up into smaller farms, landowners such as TLM-P secured their (leased) land by buying it freehold. TLM-P had been 'freeholding [i.e. converting to freehold] parts of his run, including 2560 acres on 16 November 1868 alone. In 1876 he allowed what was left of the leasehold to lapse or revert to the government.' From then on, Maroon comprised entirely of freehold land.((Angella Collyer, //Rathdowney: federation history of an Australian rural border community// Rathdowney, Qld.: Rathdowney Area Development and Historical Association, 2001 p.17.))\\ | In the 1860s, with governments resuming land to break up into smaller farms, landowners such as TLM-P secured their (leased) land by buying it freehold. TLM-P had been 'freeholding [i.e. converting to freehold] parts of his run, including 2560 acres on 16 November 1868 alone. In 1876 he allowed what was left of the leasehold to lapse or revert to the government.' From then on, Maroon comprised entirely of freehold land.((Angella Collyer, //Rathdowney: federation history of an Australian rural border community// Rathdowney, Qld.: Rathdowney Area Development and Historical Association, 2001 p.17.))\\ |
| As indicated, he manipulated the selection act. While he was sympathetic to the desire for people to own their own land, he was also aware that small holdings rarely provided a living for the selector. As he wrote in his 1888 [[tlm-p_s_diaries|diary]]: 'There seems to be a great land hunger. Now the more selections taken up the better but I can hardly see how they will make it pay - the labour and expenses of clearing is great; they deserve to succeed.'(entry for 5 July). | As indicated, he manipulated the selection act. While he was sympathetic to the desire for people to own their own land, he was also aware that small holdings rarely provided a living for the selector. As he wrote in his 1888 [[tlm-p_s_diaries|diary]]: 'There seems to be a great land hunger. Now the more selections taken up the better but I can hardly see how they will make it pay - the labour and expenses of clearing is great; they deserve to succeed.'(entry for 5 July). |
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| TO DO: the Beaudesert Museum has a number of holdings relating to the Murray-Prior family, see [[https://beaudesertmuseum.org.au/main/images/BEAUDESERT%20HISTORICAL%20MUSEUM.pdf]]\\ | TO DO: the Beaudesert Museum has a number of holdings relating to the Murray-Prior family, see __ BROKEN-LINK:[[https://beaudesertmuseum.org.au/main/images/BEAUDESERT%20HISTORICAL%20MUSEUM.pdf]] LINK-BROKEN __\\ |
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| ==== Murray Prior Range ==== | ==== Murray Prior Range ==== |