====== Back to England ======

**Thomas Murray Prior/Thomas Prior, 1 August 1790-July 1864**
  
{{:col_mp_cropped.jpg?direct&200|}} This photo is from TLM-P’s photo album and labelled by him as ‘Colonel Murray-Prior’. It was taken by Symonds Photographer who operated from the Isle of Wight and Portsmouth, near where this 2nd Thomas Murray Prior lived.((Provenance: J. Godden))\\ 
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This Thomas Murray Prior, the eldest son of Thomas and Catherine [Murray] Prior, called himself Thomas Prior.((to do: check to see if 'Murray" was part of his name))\\ 

He was born in 1790((Bernard Burke, //A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Colonial Gentry//,Melbourne: E.A. Petherick, 1891-95, p.49 Cf Family Bible has his birth year as 1789.)) when his father was 17 years old, indicating that his parents eloped when very young. His mother's family relented enough for her to go to her parent's place at Cuffsborough (Country Laois, Ireland) for the birth.((‘Questions to be answered by T.L.M-P’, 6pp Memoranda by the Herald Office, Somerset House, London re Burke’s Colonial Gentry.)) With his father still living and drawing on the family estate to provide for his children from his first and second marriages/relationship, this Thomas had to find another way to earn his living. He did so by leaving Ireland and joining the British army. He never permanently returned, understandably given that his father appears to have lost the Rathdowney estate during bankruptcy proceedings in 1824.\\
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This Thomas's last home was in southern England, at Windsor Terrace, [[wp>Southsea|Southsea]], Hampshire; before that he lived at Elliott Place in Gosport.((‘Questions to be answered by T.L.M-P’, 6pp Memoranda by the Herald Office, Somerset House, London re Burke’s Colonial Gentry.)) 
There is evidence that this Thomas did not adjust well to his family's failing fortunes, living as if he had a much higher discretionary income and expecting his wife to manage. In his brief memoir about emigrating to Australia, TLM-P described his father's spendthrift attitude: 

//"My father, being an Irishman of the old school, had no idea of the value of money. My mother therefore always hastened to take possession of his pay or dividends when due, before he had had time to barter for an oil painting or a piece of cracked china, the cash which was to provide the daily bread for the household till further supplies fell in."((TLM-P, Draft memoirs of a voyage from London to Sydney on the 'Roxburgh Castle', c.1879, Praed Papers, QJO.))// It is unsurprising when Louisa offered her brother some of their father's whiskey that she'd kept after his death, that the quality was 'very good'.((TLM-P, Diary, 27 June 1882))\\
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Despite such differing attitudes to money, and Thomas's continuing purchases of the finer things in life regardless of income, the marriage appears a loving one. One token is this lock of Thomas' hair with a note, ‘My dear Husband’s hair cut Jan'y 23rd 1832 - the day before he left for Ireland. E. Prior.’((Pic Acc. No 5314, TLM-P papers, ML.)){{:hair_copy.jpg?200|}}\\
==== Army Career ====
Young men had one great career opportunity in the early 1800s: joining the British army or navy. Career prospects were high due to the inflated numbers of military personnel needed for the prolonged war against [[wp>Napoleon|Napoleon Bonaparte]]. Prospects particularly opened up for the sons of the gentry to become officers because, as the war increased the risk of death or disability, the number of aristocrats joining up dropped by 20 per cent. The key problem was that, in cavalry and infantry regiments, traditionally rank up to that of Colonel was by [[wp>Purchase_of_commissions_in_the_British_Army|purchase]]. With the need for more officers, that system began to break down and the majority of commissions granted during the Peninsula War were obtained without purchase. The practice was uneven with purchases occurring most in the more elite regiments of the Cavalry and Foot Guards.((Christine Wright, //Wellington's Men in Australia: Peninsula war and the making of empire c.1820-40//, Houndsmills, England: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011, pp.32-36,176-77.))\\

When Thomas was 13 years old, he entered the army as a Cornet, the lowest rank of commissioned officers in the cavalry. His daughter Jemima later related that his father (Col. Prior) 'sent a big Irishman with him as sort of henchman, and the Col. said he had better have brought a nurse.'((TLM-P, Diary, 4 June 1882) If his family bought Thomas the commission then at a minimum they paid £400 (roughly £35,720 in 2017 values).{{http://inflation.iamkate.com/}})) One influence was that his uncle [[lodge_morres_m-p|Lodge]] was also a cavalry officer. Officers had an army rank (the basis of their pay) and a regimental rank. Thomas’s copy of //A List of all the Officers of the Army and Royal Marines on Full and half-Pay// (published 13 March 1815) p.133 records his army rank from 1805 being that of Lieutenant.((Provenance: J. Godden.)) He obtained a regimental (Brevet) rank of Colonel in 1859 when he was 64 years old, after 51 years in the army. He died six years later.\\

**Click [[**here**]] for more details of his army career and Peninsula War experience.**\\

As seen in the above link, Thomas Prior took part in the Battle of Waterloo which marked Napoleon's defeat. That battle also marked the decline in his career prospects. The army was reduced by a staggering 232,000 men; the navy by 124,000 men. They were put on half-pay but that pay was low, fixed at 1794 levels. Many seized the opportunity to emigrate to NSW and Van Dieman's Land, enticed by offers of land grants, a freer life and warmer climate.((Wright, //Wellington's Men in Australia//, pp.18-29.)) While not all were successful, ex-officers who had fought in the Peninsula War formed an influential and prosperous network in Australia.((Wright, //Wellington's Men in Australia//, p.177.)) Perhaps because he had a wife and children, Thomas Prior did not join his fellow officers and emigrate. Did he regret staying in Britain? Was an awareness of lost opportunities behind his teenage son's decision to migrate?  

==== Military items ====
A number of swords most likely belonging to this Thomas Prior or his immediate family have survived, along with other items. They were used in combat, at least up until the end of the Napoleonic Wars. **For more on these click [[**army gear**]]**.\\
{{:m-p_swords_1_.jpeg?400|}} Some Murray-Prior swords.((Provenance:T.A. & M.T. M-P; they were restored by Hayden Vesty on behalf of T.A. M-P))\\ 
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==== Portraits ====
{{:mp6.jpg?300|}} The family has a number of paintings of this Thomas Prior. The one shown here is the most gorgeous of them all!((Provenance: T.A. & M.T. M-P)) It shows him in dress uniform. It presumably is the painting described in TLM-P's will as 'one portrait of my Father in regimentals of the Eighteenth Hussars'.((TLM-P, Last Will and Testament, QJO, donated by T.A. & M.T. M-P.)) One of the medals is the {{http://dorchesters.com/waterloo-medal-miniature|Waterloo medal}} for those who fought in that momentous battle.\\

**For other portraits, click on [[**portraits Thomas Prior**]]**.\\
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Two unidentified images - click on [[Mystery Images]]\\

==== Books ====
It can be a matter of serendipity what books survive - and some of those the owner most treasured may well be deemed too battered to keep by his or her heirs. The books the family owns that belonged to this Thomas Murray-Prior were mainly those required in the army or for the expected church attendance. F**or more, click on [[**books**]]**.\\

==== Thomas Prior in Australia ====
According to his son TLM-P, Thomas Prior visited Queensland for two years. TLM-P added '- at Elliott Place' and on the next line starts with Gosforth. It is unclear where Elliott Place was: it doesn't seem to be in Gosforth (UK) and there is only an Elliott Street (not Place) in Brisbane.((‘Questions to be answered by T.L.M-P’, 6pp Memoranda by the College of Heralds, Somerset House, London re Burke’s Colonial Gentry)) Heckenberg references a list of those eligible to vote in August 1854 which includes Thomas Prior of Eagle Street, Brisbane.(('Electoral List',//Moreton Bay Courier//, 26 August 1854, p.4)) Isobel Hannah states that, when in Brisbane, Colonel Prior 'lived in a pleasant spot on the river, where is now [1953] situated [St Joseph's] Junior Nudgee College.'((Isobel Hannah, 'The Royal Descent of the First Postmaster-General of Queensland', Queensland Geographical Journal, vol. LV, 1953-54, p.16. For more on this location, see Martin Kerby, //Nudgee: A History of St Joseph's Nudgee College: a Life//, ed. Coral Campbell, Brisbane: Martin Kerby, 2014))\\
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His land purchases suggest that he came out, not just to see his son, but to buy land in the up-an-coming settlement. Kerry Heckenberg(('A taste for art in colonial Queensland: The Queensland Art Gallery Foundational Bequest of Thomas Lodge Murray-Prior', //Queensland Review//, 25:1, June 2018, pp.119-136)) detailed that Thomas and his wife arrived in Sydney on 16 November 1852 on board the //Vimeira//, departing four days later for Moreton Bay on the steamer //Eagle//. The passenger list confirms 'Major and Mrs Prior' arrival.((note that Ancestry.com incorrectly transcribes their names as 'Price'.))\\
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Thomas Prior purchased land in July 1853 and February 1854 at Cleveland, spending over £215. Residency for a period of time visit was presumably necessary to qualify him to do so using a remission order allowed him as an army officer.((Andrew Darbyshire, //A Fair Slice of St Lucia. Thomas Lodge Murray-Prior//, St Lucia History Group research paper no. 8, p.119. It appears from Darbyshire's table that Thomas Prior bought over 57 acres of land.)) These orders were designed to encourage the numerous British army officers who had no active role since the defeat of Napoleon, to settle in the Australian colonies.\\
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Heckenberg argues that, based on Rosa Praed's recollections, that they probably bought their art collection with them to give to TLM-P. He in turn gave a number of them to be the founding collection of the new [[brisbane_art_gallery|Queensland Art Gallery]] while keeping the family portraits. It makes sense that his parents did this, especially given that TLM-P's only brother had died and neither of his sisters married, and that transport was relatively cheap as sailing ships needed [[wp>Ballast|ballast]] for stability. If Rosa's memory is correct, then at least some of the paintings were transported without frames.\\ 
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The visit was only vaguely remembered by his descendants. His grandson Robert wrote that his grandfather Thomas had visited Queensland ‘briefly’, but gave no detail.((Robert M-P, //The Blood Royal of the Murray-Priors//, ms written 1901-05 NLA Nq929.2M984, p.12.)) His granddaughter Rosa Praed, wrote that she recalled one of her grandmother's trunks with the information on its side, 'that Colonel Thomas Murray-Prior had taken passage in the //Roxburgh Castle// from Southampton, England, for Bungroopim Station, Logan River, Brisbane Water, Moreton Bay, Australia'. The //Roxburgh Castle// was the ship her father had sailed in when he first emigrated in 1838, and it is more likely that, especially given Thomas did not use Murray-Prior as his name, that (as was common) Rosa's memory had let her down. Her memoir was, after all, published in 1902, when she could no longer check with her grandparents or parents. The same scepticism applies to Rosa's recollection of her grandmother Eliza as 'an awesome figure' who taught her to read. As Eliza M-P left the colony just after Rosa turned three, it is improbable so say the least.((Rosa Campbell Praed, //My Australian Girlhood//, London:1902; ((Patricia Clarke, The Murray-Priors at Bromelton 1844-1853 in Patricia Savage (compiled), //They came to Bromelton: a brief outline of the life and times of the early pioneers who came to Bromleton - from the pages of history, personal diaries, old letters and family recollections//, Patricia Savage, 2004, p.22.))\\
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[[https://brisbanehistorywest.files.wordpress.com/2017/02/08-a-fair-slice-of-st-lucia-thomas-lodge-murray-prior.pdf|Andrew Darbyshire, A Fair Slice of St Lucia]] provides evidence about Thomas Prior's time in Queensland. He shows that ‘T. Prior’ selected land at Prior’s Pocket [Road] Moggill ‘in the early 1850’s and purchased land in Cleveland, supported by a map and letter from the Surveyor’s Letterbook (both courtesy Queensland State Archives) dated 25 October 1853, that ‘Major Prior has applied to purchase’ the allotments at Prior’s Pocket and also bought land at Cleveland (both in Brisbane area). TLM-P also bought land at Moggill (([[http://moggillhistorical.org.au/History.html|Mogill Historical Society]])), in 1850 as well as considerable land in St Lucia. Darbyshire explains that TLM-P's father ‘purchased this and other land at Cleveland using a Remission Order allowed him as an officer in HM Regiment’((57.)) According to Darbyshire, between July 1853 and February 1854, Thomas Prior bought six properties for a total of £215.16.11 (around $17,000 in 2107 values) paid mainly from a remittance order given him as a military officer on half pay.((p.118; //New South Wales Government Gazette//, 4 August 1854, p.1681 records purchase of one of the allotments for £32.4.9, of which £20.6.11 was from TLM-P's father's remittance order.))\\  

'Major Prior'/'Thomas Prior Esq' was appointing the returning officer on 11 April 1854 for the election for the County of Stanley for the NSW Legislative Council (Queensland was part of NSW until 1859).((//Moreton Bay Courier//, 13 May 1854, p.9, 18 May 1854, p.1 and 5 August 1854, p.2; //Freeman's Journal//, 15 April 1854, p.10.)) He resigned from the position in 1854, presumably to return to England.((//Sydney Morning Herald//, 3 October 1854, p.5.)) Andrew Darbyshire's last note of him as a returning officer is for an election that had to be re-contested due to Thomas Prior's 'inexperience', with results released on 12 August 1854.((Andrew Darbyshire, //A Fair Slice of St Lucia//, St Lucia History Group Research Paper No. 8, p.58.))\\
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Nehemiah Bartley in his //Australian Pioneers and Reminiscences 1849-1894: together with portraits of some of the founders of Australia//((J.J. Knight (ed.)) stated that TLM-P's 'father, Colonel Prior, was a genial Irishman, and the inevitable returning officer and chairman of hospital((there is no mention of him in Ross Patrick, //A History of Health & Medicine in Queensland, 1824-1960//, St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 1987, nor in John Tyrer, //History of the Brisbane Hospital and its affiliates. A pilgrim's progress//, Brisbane: Boolarong Publications, 1993.)) and similar election meetings in the infant days of Brisbane' due to his 'tact and good temper'.((pp.216-17)) Bartley's reminiscences was published in 1896 and he knew TLM-P, so his information has some authority. The description of TLM-P's father as a 'genial Irishman', fits in with TLM-P's description of his somewhat spendthrift and irresponsible father. The army rank indicates that he used his highest Brevet rank, that of Major, rather than his subsequent rank of Captain on half-pay. The 'Colonel' is explained by his having been promoted to Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel in June 1854.((see back to Thomas Prior's army career))\\ 
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Thomas Prior's visit was a private one, and not as part of the army. In the 1850s, he was in the 5th Regiment of Foot: it was never posted to Australia. Two companies of the Regiment went to India, but not until 1857, so it was not the case of Thomas Prior taking leave from India to visit his son in Queensland in 1854.((Basil Peacock, //The Royal Northumberland Fusiliers (the 5th Regiment of Foot)//, B. Peacock, 1970; Walter Wood, //The Northumberland Fusiliers//)) \\
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==== Death ====
Thomas and his second wife Eliza were buried at Southsea cemetery.((‘Questions to be answered by T.L.M-P’, 6pp Memoranda by the Herald Office, Somerset House, London re Burke’s Colonial Gentry.)) Their son visited their lately refurbished grave in 1882 and described it as 'a plain but very neat stone sarcophagus of good grained sandstone'((TLM-P, Diary, 7 August 1882, ML.)) The family's claim to gentry status rested on their Irish estates, so he was described on the grave as of Rathdowney.  Thomas died on 16 July 1864. His death notice, presumably sent by his family, was published in several newspapers, most of which give the 16th as his date of death, e.g. //Sheffield Daily Telegraph//, 20 July 1864, p.3 and the //London Evening Standard//, 20 July 1864, p.7. On the other hand, The //Hampshire Telegraph//, 23 July 1864 gives his date of death as the 12th; other sources give 17th. To add to the confusion, his grandson Thomas Bertram M-P recorded that he died on 19 July.((//Some Australasian Families Descended from Royalty//, ms, n.d. p.5.)) The inscription on the grave confirms that it was the 16th. Thomas Prior's  death was registered in the Portsea district in September 1864.((online Death Register; TLM-P, genealogical notes in John & John B. Burke, A// Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain & Ireland: M to Z//, London: Henry Colburn Publisher, 1846)) TLM-P, the focus of this history, was his elder son. His step-sister wrote to him informing him of his father's death but it took (as was usual) two months to reach him.((TLM-P diary, 13 September 1864)).\\
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{{:t_prior_grave_resize_again.jpg?200|}} A contemporary sketch of Thomas Prior's grave((M-P papers NLA Ms 7801, Box 20/1.)) Click twice to realign. Inscription reads: Sacred to the Memory of Colonel Thomas Murray Prior of Rathdowney Queens County Dublin who died July 16th 1864 aged 73 years. On the reverse side: Sacred to the Memory of Elizabeth Catherine second wife of Colonel Thomas Murray Prior who died Nov 18th Aged 60 years. On one small side is engraved Waterloo; on the other side Peninsula.   

===== Two Wives, Two Daughters and Two (surviving) Sons =====

**Summary:** \\
|Thomas Prior|m (1) [[Jemima Dickson]]| [[Jemima, William Amhurst, Louisa]]| 
|            |m (2) [[Eliza Skynner]]|and had two sons: TLM-P (the focus of this history) and (another) [[William]].|\\
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As seen when clicking on these links, Thomas Prior's first wife Jemima suffered the usual fate of so many women: three births in three years soon after marriage, then dying leaving infant children motherless. Perhaps it is not surprising that her two surviving daughters, Jemima and Louisa, remained single.\\

Eliza Skynner was luckier, though she suffered the early death of her talented artist son William, and her other son TLM-P emigrated to the other side of the world when he was just 20 years old. Thomas Prior's second marriage was hasty, but the children successfully blended into one family. For numerous evidence of their lasting affection, **click on [[successful blended family]]**.\\
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There was also a possibility of a third marriage for the widower. His son noted in his diary in 1882 that he and his sister Jemima visited 'Mrs Smith, a fine old lady of about 80. Before the Fathers death, Jemima was getting up a match between the old people and 20 years ago Mrs S. must have been a handsome woman. She ... appears a cheerful body ... seemed pleased we had called and had tears in her eyes at old remembrances. The old man would have had a comfortable home and pleasant companion with good means.'((TLM-P, Diary, 14 August 1882, ML.)) 
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==== Eliza Portraits? ====

The family has inherited from TLM-P, three painting showing the same woman in the same dress. It makes sense that the woman is his mother Eliza.\\

{{:img_1170_enhanced.jpg?300|}}This faded painting((Provenance:T.A. & M.T. M-P)) shows - who? Perhaps Eliza and her two sons? 

Is this too a painting of Eliza? {{:jemima_mp_ttmp_enhanced.jpg?200|}}((Provenance: T.A. & M.T. M-P))\\
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The last portrait is a larger (920 x 640cm) version of the one above.((Provenance: Geoffrey M-P to T.A. M-P.)) This one was damaged by removalists in c.1960s, and has since incurred further damage.  {{:jemima_try.jpg?200|}}